Document Type
Article
Publication Date
Spring 4-18-2008
Abstract
The androgen receptor undergoes nuclear import in response to ligand, but the mechanism by which it undergoes nuclear export is poorly understood. We developed a permeabilized cell assay to characterize nuclear export of the androgen receptor in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. We found that nuclear export of endogenous androgen receptor can be stimulated by short double-stranded DNA oligonucleotides. This androgen receptor export pathway is dependent on ATP hydrolysis and is enhanced by phosphatase inhibition with okadaic acid. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching in permeabilized cells, under the conditions that stimulate androgen receptor export, suggested that double-stranded DNA-dependent export does not simply reflect the relief of a nuclear retention mechanism. A radiolabeled androgen was used to show that the androgen receptor remains ligand-bound during translocation through the nuclear pore complex. A specific inhibitor to the DNA-dependent protein kinase, NU7026, inhibits androgen receptor export and phosphorylation. In living cells, NU7026 treatment increases androgen-dependent transcription from endogenous genes that are regulated by androgen receptor. We suggest that DNA-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation of the androgen receptor, or an interacting component, helps target the androgen receptor for export from the nucleus.
Journal Title
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Volume
283
Issue
16
DOI
10.1074/jbc.M800810200
Recommended Citation
Shank, L.C., Kelley, J.B., Gioeli, D., Yang, C.S., Spencer, A., Allison, L.A., Paschal, B.M. (2008) Activation of the DNA-dependent protein kinase stimulates nuclear export of the androgen receptor in vitro. Journal of Biological Chemistry 283, 10568-10580.
