Date Awarded
2024
Document Type
Thesis
Degree Name
Master of Arts (M.A.)
Department
History
Advisor
Simon Middleton
Committee Member
Richard Turits
Committee Member
Fabrício Prado
Abstract
Haiti, Africa, and Black Identity: Prince Saunders and the Haitian Emigration Movement in Early Nineteenth Century America.Haiti served as an important symbol to Black Americans following its revolution. The country represented Black achievement, and the potential for an alternative to the white supremacy of the United States. Thus, during the early nineteenth century, Black Americans began migrating to Haiti. This paper explores African American emigration to Haiti through the life of Prince Saunders, an early proponent of the movement. Thousands of Black Americans emigrated to Haiti during the early nineteenth century, in part due to the work of Saunders. The paper includes a comparison to African colonization, another prominent migration movement at the time. Essentially, this paper demonstrates why, for free Black American communities, Haitian emigration was preferable to African colonization. Haiti was proof of racial equality; it represented Black success and competence. The paper illustrates how African American perceptions of Haiti shaped the emigration debate and ideas about Black identity. Solidarity Beyond Borders: The Relationship between Early Haitian Sovereignty, Nationality, and Race. The memory of the Haitian revolution has overshadowed much of the country’s history, defining Haiti in the eyes of many. However, following independence, the political elites of Haiti continued to actively shape their country’s image at home and abroad. Haitians identified with Black people throughout the world, understanding how important their country was to Black emancipation broadly. The early governments of Haiti played a role in this identification, each making an attempt to establish the relationship between Blackness and Haitian identity. This paper analyzes these efforts, examining the rhetoric of early Haitian regimes through several constitutions, legislation, and the writings of political elites. These political actors positioned Haiti as an active player in the Black Atlantic, a leader in the Black diaspora. The paper explores how Haitians related to Black identity, within and beyond Haiti.
DOI
https://dx.doi.org/10.21220/s2-0dd8-8442
Rights
© The Author
Recommended Citation
Cooke, Ethan, "To Hope For A Better Future: Haiti As A Symbol Of Black Excellence In Early Nineteenth-Century America" (2024). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. William & Mary. Paper 1727787897.
https://dx.doi.org/10.21220/s2-0dd8-8442
