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Media coverage of Muslims: Introduction and overview
Erik Bleich and A. Maurits van der Veen
Existing research largely concurs that coverage of Muslims is negative. Yet this masks how much remains unknown. In particular, there has been no clear or consistent way to gauge precisely how much negativity is present in stories about Muslims. This chapter introduces a systematic way to assess the tone of articles and discusses how this allows for answers to six important questions about coverage of Muslims. The chapter also outlines the structure of the book and summarizes the key findings. In particular, it argues that coverage of Muslims is strikingly negative by every comparative measure examined.
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Introducing R
Lawrence Leemis
R is an open source programming language and interactive programming environment that has become the software tool of choice in data analytics. Learning Base R provides an introduction to the language for those with and without prior programming experience. It introduces the key topics that you will need to begin analyzing data and programming in R. The focus here is on the R language rather than a particular application. Within the text, there are 200 exercises to assess your R skills.
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Random Sampling
Lawrence Leemis
Mathematical Statistics describes the mathematical underpinnings associated with the practice of statistics. The pre-requisite for this book is a calculus-based course in probability. Nearly 200 figures and dozens of Monte Carlo simulation experiments in R help develop the intuition behind the statistical methods. Real-world problems from a wide range of fields help the reader apply the statistical methods. Over 300 exercises are used to reinforce concepts and make this book appropriate for classroom use.
The table of contents for this book is given below.
1. Random Sampling 2. Point Estimation 3. Interval Estimation 4. Hypothesis Testing
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Regenerative Ionic Currents and Bistability
Gregory D. Conradi Smith
What every neuroscientist should know about the mathematical modeling of excitable cells. Combining empirical physiology and nonlinear dynamics, this text provides an introduction to the simulation and modeling of dynamic phenomena in cell biology and neuroscience. It introduces mathematical modeling techniques alongside cellular electrophysiology. Topics include membrane transport and diffusion, the biophysics of excitable membranes, the gating of voltage and ligand-gated ion channels, intracellular calcium signalling, and electrical bursting in neurons and other excitable cell types. It introduces mathematical modeling techniques such as ordinary differential equations, phase plane, and bifurcation analysis of single-compartment neuron models. With analytical and computational problem sets, this book is suitable for life sciences majors, in biology to neuroscience, with one year of calculus, as well as graduate students looking for a primer on membrane excitability and calcium signalling.
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Culturing Echinoderm Larvae Through Metamorphosis
Jason Hodin, Andreas Hayland, Annie Mercier, Bruno Pernet, David L. Cohen, Jean-Francois Hamel, Jonathan D. Allen, Justin S. McAlister, Maria Byrne, and Sophie B. George
Echinoderms are favored study organisms not only in cell and developmental biology, but also physiology, larval biology, benthic ecology, population biology and paleontology, among other fields. However, many echinoderm embryology labs are not well-equipped to continue to rear the post-embryonic stages that result. This is unfortunate, as such labs are thus unable to address many intriguing biological phenomena, related to their own cell and developmental biology studies, that emerge during larval and juvenile stages. To facilitate broader studies of post-embryonic echinoderms, we provide here our collective experience rearing these organisms, with suggestions to try and pitfalls to avoid. Furthermore, we present information on rearing larvae from small laboratory to large aquaculture scales. Finally, we review taxon-specific approaches to larval rearing through metamorphosis in each of the four most commonly-studied echinoderm classes—asteroids, echinoids, holothuroids and ophiuroids.
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Ideas on the Table: Teaching with the Faïences Révolutionnaires
Giulia Pacini
In many ways the French Revolution—a series of revolutions, in fact, whose end has arguably not yet arrived—is modernity in action. Beginning in reform, it blossomed into wholesale attempts to remake society, uprooting the clergy and aristocracy, valorizing mass movements, and setting secular ideologies, including nationalism, in motion. Unusually manifold and complicated, the revolution affords many teaching opportunities and challenges. This volume helps instructors seeking to connect developments today—terrorism, propaganda, extremism—with the events that began in 1789, contextualizing for students a world that seems always unmoored and in crisis.
The volume supports the teaching of the revolution’s ongoing project across geographic areas (from Haiti, Latin America, and New Orleans to Spain, Germany, and Greece), governing ideologies (human rights, secularism, liberty), and literatures (from well-known to newly rediscovered texts). Interdisciplinary, intercultural, and insurgent, the volume has an energy that reflects its subject.
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Roman Bacchae: Dionysiac Mysteries, Masculinity, and the State in Livy’s Bacchanalian Narrative
Vassiliki Panoussi
How does the treatment of women's rituals in Latin poetry and prose reveal Roman ideas of female agency?Powerful female characters pervade both Greek and Latin literature, even if their presence is largely dictated by the narratives of men. Feminist approaches to the study of women in Greek literature have helped illustrate the importance of their religious and ritual roles in public life—Latin literature, however, has not been subject to similar scrutiny. In Brides, Mourners, Bacchae, Vassiliki Panoussi takes up the challenge, exploring women's place in weddings, funerals, Bacchic rites, and women-only rituals. Panoussi probes the multifaceted ways women were able to exercise influence, even power, in ancient Rome from the days of the late Republic to Flavian times. Systematically investigating both poetry and prose, Panoussi covers a wide variety of genres, from lyric poetry (Catullus), epic (Ovid, Lucan, Valerius, Statius), elegy (Propertius, Ovid), and tragedy (Seneca) to historiography (Livy) and the novel (Petronius).The first large-scale analysis of this body of evidence from a feminist perspective, the book makes a compelling case that female ritual was an important lens through which Roman authors explored the problems of women's agency, subjectivity, civic identity, and self-expression. By focusing on the fruitful intersection of gender and religion, the book elucidates not only the importance of female religious experience in Rome but also the complexity of ideological processes affecting Roman ideas about gender, sexuality, family, and society. Brides, Mourners, Bacchae will be of value to scholars of classics and ancient religions, as well as anyone interested in the study of gender in antiquity or the connection between religion and ideology.
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On Poet-Scholars: Un Taller de Poesia
Silvia Tandeciarz
In 2010 I piloted a Spanish-language poetry workshop for intermediate and advanced students at the College of William and Mary. I used the lines from Martin Espada's poem for Chile as an epigraph for the syllabus: "In the republic of poetry,/A train full of poets/Rolls south in the rain." Translating this for my students into Spanish, I sought to signal the kind of collaborative journey the course imagined: a semester spent together, a train full of poets, engaging poetic voices from the south through our own creative work. In so doing we would combine our skills in cultural criticism and translation with our capacity for invention, linguistic experimentation, and performance to yield an original body of work while deepening our understanding of Latin American poetic traditions, their contexts of creation and expression. Our common point of departure would derive from a simple question: why write? And we would develop our particular, situated responses to this prompt—why write poetry? why now? why here?—by considering how poets in Latin America and Latino poets in the United States have answered this question in the context of activism (militancia) and human rights. While similar questions could guide a traditional seminar dedicated to the critical study of poetry, by activating the vital creative force within my students I hoped to advance a different kind of learning—one structured through “practices that might not have so much to do with mastery and judgment as with affective connection and abductive participation.”[i] I was convinced, moreover, that the risk, self-discipline, collaboration, openness, and sensitivity this work requires could make it transformative. In coming to voice as part of this larger conversation, students would refine not only their linguistic competencies and affirm their ways of being in the world; they would do so by expanding their cross-cultural awareness, their understanding of the literary form, and their appreciation of the tools for change the public humanities can offer.
The taller de poesía I now offer regularly as part of the Hispanic Studies curriculum builds on my experiences teaching Latin American literature and culture to non-native speakers in the US academy. But it also explores largely uncharted territory. A brief review of curricular offerings in departments of Spanish and Hispanic Cultural Studies suggests that creative writing classes taught in Spanish are few and far between. I am convinced this represents a missed opportunity to harness the awe-inspiring, revelatory, and critical capacities associated with second-language acquisition, including the joys of linguistic discovery, experimentation, and creation. With this in mind, I offer a template for one such course, including sample assignments and evaluation rubrics, while making the case for the ways of knowing the workshop environment facilitates.
[i] Interview by Mary Zournazi with Brian Massumi in Hope: New Philosophies for Change (New York, Routledge: 2003), 220.
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Locating Chinese Dance: Bodies in Place, History, and Genre
Emily E. Wilcox
This chapter begins with a discussion of water sleeve dance at the Beijing Dance Academy. It explains that Chinese dance is a modern twentieth-century concert genre that takes inspiration from existing performance practices, such as folk performance, xiqu, and ethnic minority performance. It introduces the main categories of Chinese dance, including Chinese classical dance and Chinese national folk dance, and it discusses the scope of contemporary and historical Chinese dance practice in China and the Sinophone world. It also discusses the history of Chinese dance and outlines key dance theories proposed by Dai Ailian and Choe Seung-hui. It argues that Chinese dance originated in the 1940s and 1950s in the context of socialist revolution and socialist nation-building. It proposes that kinesthetic nationalism, ethnic and spatial inclusiveness, and dynamic inheritance are defining features of the genre. It argues that these features of Chinese dance differentiate the genre from earlier experiments by Qing palace dancer Yu Rongling and Peking opera star Mei Lanfang. It also argues that Maoist culture and socialism encouraged artistic innovation and that Chinese dance has become less revolutionary during the post-Mao period.
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Asexual Reproduction of Marine Invertebrate Embryos and Larvae
Jonathan D. Allen, Adam M. Reitzel, and William Jaeckel
The life histories of marine invertebrates are incredibly diverse and provide a wealth of opportunities to develop and test hypotheses about how and why modes of reproduction, development, and behavior evolve within and among lineages. With respect to the evolution of reproductive and developmental mode, phylogenetic, adaptive, and functional hypotheses presented over the past century have predominantly focused on the evolution of reproductive traits (e.g., free spawning, brooding, encapsulation; nutritional mode of larvae (e.g., planktotrophy and lecithotrophy; and developmental form (e.g., larval morphology; direct and indirect development. Frequently, but not exclusively, these hypotheses have been tied to changes in per-offspring investment and influential models of per-offspring investment often serve as a framework for studies of the evolution of developmental modes. Phylogenetic assessment of the evolution of character states within lineages has revealed frequent shifts among life histories traits.
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Pregnant Behind Bars: Meeting the Nutrition Needs of Incarcerated Pregnant Women
Catherine A. Forestell and Danielle H. Dallaire
The number of women involved in the criminal justice system has increased dramatically over the past 20 years. Due to their marginalized background, incarcerated women have a complex set of health-related needs. This is especially true of those who are pregnant, a particularly vulnerable, high-risk group. Although guidelines have been developed that recommend pregnancy screening, provision of dietary supplements, regular nutritious meals, and nutritional counseling for incarcerated pregnant women, jail policies and health care protocols often fail to heed these recommendations. In this chapter, we discuss the nutritional needs of pregnant incarcerated women as well as breastfeeding in the context of the criminal justice system and consider some of the challenges in developing programming and policies to address these health-related needs. We also present findings from the William & Mary Healthy Beginnings Project, a nutrition intervention program developed for pregnant incarcerated women in Southeastern Virginia. Assessment of this program suggests that through the development of protocols and polices that consider the health-related needs of pregnant women, correctional facilities could play a pivotal role in helping incarcerated women develop healthier habits to better care for themselves and their newborns.
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The Lakota Future Generation Ride of the Lakota Sioux
George Greenia
Pilgrimage in Practice: Narration, Reclamation and Healing provides an interdisciplinary approach to the topic. It reveals many aspects of the practice of pilgrimage, from its nationalistic facets to its effect on economic development; from the impact of the internet to questions of globalization; from pilgrimage as protest to pilgrimage as creative expression in such media as film, art and literature.
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Shrinking Suburbs in a Time of Crisis
Justin B. Hollander, Colin Polsky, Dan Zinder, and Daniel M. Runfola
The Routledge Companion to the Suburbs provides one of the most comprehensive examinations available to date of the suburbs around the world. International in scope and interdisciplinary in nature, this volume will serve as the definitive reference for scholars and students of the suburbs.
This volume brings together the leading scholars of the suburbs researching in different parts of the world to better understand how and why suburbs and their communities grow, decline, and regenerate. The volume sets out four goals: 1) to provide a synthesis and critical appraisal of the historical and current state of understanding about the development of suburbs in the world; 2) to provide a forum for a comprehensive examination into the conceptual, theoretical, spatial, and empirical discontents of suburbanization; 3) to engage in a scholarly conversation about the transformation of suburbs that is interdisciplinary in nature and bridges the divide between the Global North and the Global South; and 4) to reflect on the implications of the socioeconomic, cultural, and political transformations of the suburbs for policymakers and planners. The Routledge Companion to the Suburbs is composed of original, scholarly contributions from the leading scholars of the study of how and why suburbs grow, decline, and transform. Special attention is paid to the global nature of suburbanization and its regional variations, with a focus on comparative analysis of suburbs through regions across the world in the Global North and the Global South.
Articulated in a common voice, the volume is integrated by the very nature of the concept of a suburb as the unit of analysis, offering multidisciplinary perspectives from the fields of economics, geography, planning, political science, sociology, and urban studies.
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Leitura de partitura e prática de conjunto: a formação de uma orquestra brasileira no CECULT UFRB
Michael Iyanaga and Fabrício dalla Vecchia
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Introduction to "Probability"
Lawrence Leemis
This calculus-based introduction to probability covers all of the traditional topics, along with a secondary emphasis on Monte Carlo simulation. Examples that introduce applications from a wide range of fields help the reader apply probability theory to real-world problems. The text covers all of the topics associated with Exam P given by the Society of Actuaries. Over 100 figures highlight the intuitive and geometric aspects of probability. Over 800 exercises are used to reinforce concepts and make this text appropriate for classroom use.
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Rethinking Patriarchy through Unpatriarchal Male Desires
Gul Ozyegin
Since scholars began interrogating the meaning of gender and sexuality in society, this field has become essential to the study of sociology. Gender Reckonings aims to map new directions for understanding gender and sexuality within a more pragmatic, dynamic, and socially relevant framework. It shows how gender relations must be understood on a large scale as well as in intimate detail. The contributors return to the basics, questioning how gender patterns change, how we can realize gender equality, and how the structures of gender impact daily life. Gender Reckoningscovers not only foundational concepts of gender relations and gender justice, but also explores postcolonial patterns of gender, intersectionality, gender fluidity, transgender practices, neoliberalism, and queer theory. Gender Reckonings combines the insights of gender and sexuality scholars from different generations, fields, and world regions. The editors and contributors are leading social scientists from six continents, and the book gives vivid accounts of the changing politics of gender in different communities. Rich in empirical detail and novel thinking, Gender Reckoningsis a lasting resource for students, researchers, activists, policymakers, and everyone concerned with gender justice.
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From Adultery to Incest: Messalina and Agrippina as Sexual Aggressors in Tacitus’ Annals
Vassiliki Panoussi
This chapter continues the investigation of rhetorical maneuvers clustering around social and amorous hierarchies in the fraught sphere of sexual agency by studying the trope of the sexually aggressive older female preying on a younger man in Tacitus’ Annals. On the basis of a detailed examination of the portrayal of Messalina and Agrippina, it argues that it is precisely the recognizable rhetoricity and artificiality in the deployment of this trope, here dramatized through rich intertextual echoes and connections (notably Vergil’s Aeneid and Euripides’ Bacchae), which narratively undercuts any unambiguous condemnation of female superiority over male inferiority, disrupts any simple re-assertion of traditional Roman gender hierarchies, and opens up the text to alternative interpretations beyond the reach of the narrator’s authority.
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Introduction to "A Genealogy of Terror in Eighteenth-Century France"
Ronald Schechter
In contemporary political discourse, it is common to denounce violent acts as “terroristic.” But this reflexive denunciation is a surprisingly recent development. In A Genealogy of Terror in Eighteenth-Century France, Ronald Schechter tells the story of the term’s evolution in Western thought, examining a neglected yet crucial chapter of our complicated romance with terror.
For centuries prior to the French Revolution, the word “terror” had largely positive connotations. Subjects flattered monarchs with the label “terror of his enemies.” Lawyers invoked the “terror of the laws.” Theater critics praised tragedies that imparted terror and pity. By August 1794, however, terror had lost its positive valence. As revolutionaries sought to rid France of its enemies, terror became associated with surveillance committees, tribunals, and the guillotine. By unearthing the tradition that associated terror with justice, magnificence, and health, Schechter helps us understand how the revolutionary call to make terror the order of the day could inspire such fervent loyalty in the first place—even as the gratuitous violence of the revolution eventually transformed it into the dreadful term we would recognize today. Most important, perhaps, Schechter proposes that terror is not an import to Western civilization—as contemporary discourse often suggests—but rather a domestic product with a long and consequential tradition. -
Introduction to "Lexical Borrowing and Deborrowing in Spanish in New York City"
Rachel Varra
Lexical Borrowing and Deborrowing in Spanish in New York City provides a sociodemographic portrait of lexical borrowing in Spanish in New York City.
The volume offers new and important insights into research on lexical borrowing. In particular, it presents empirical data obtained through quantitative analysis to answer the question of who is most likely to use English lexical borrowings while speaking Spanish, to address the impact that English has on Spanish as spoken in the city and to identify the social factors that contribute to language change.
The book also provides an empirical, corpus-based-approach to distinguishing between borrowing and other contact phenomena, such as codeswitching, which will be of interest to scholars of language contact and bilingualism.
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Who Was Albert Luthuli?
Robert T. Vinson
In an excellent addition to the Ohio Short Histories of Africa series, Robert Trent Vinson recovers the important but largely forgotten story of Albert Luthuli, Africa’s first Nobel Peace Prize winner and president of the African National Congress from 1952 to 1967. One of the most respected African leaders, Luthuli linked South African antiapartheid politics with other movements, becoming South Africa’s leading advocate of Mahatma Gandhi’s nonviolent civil disobedience techniques. He also framed apartheid as a crime against humanity and thus linked South African antiapartheid struggles with international human rights campaigns.
Unlike previous studies, this book places Luthuli and the South African antiapartheid struggle in new global contexts, and aspects of Luthuli’s leadership that were not previously publicly known: Vinson is the first to use new archival evidence, numerous oral interviews, and personal memoirs to reveal that Luthuli privately supported sabotage as an additional strategy to end apartheid. This multifaceted portrait will be indispensable to students of African history and politics and nonviolence movements worldwide.
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Wear and Care Feminisms at a Long Maker Table
Jacqueline Wernimont and Elizabeth M. Losh
Although there is a deep history of feminist engagement with technology, the FemTechNet initiative (a feminist collective of which we are both a part) argues that such history is often hidden and that feminist thinkers are frequently siloed. At the same time, initiatives to promote critical making, acts of “shared construction” in which makers work to understand both the technologies and their social environments, often exclude women and girls from hacker/makerspaces that require both explicit permissions and access to implicit reserves of tacit knowledge. Even attempts to provide superficial hospitality can inflict microagressions on those who feel excluded from the sites of technology. When these bastions for tinkering under the hood promote “pinkification” with hyper-feminized projects and materials empha - sizing servility, consumerism, or beauty culture, the results are often counterproductive. Take, for example, Google’s recent “Made with Code” effort, which emphasized accessories and selfies as projects appropriate for girls. Even the otherwise admirable “Girls Who Code” site tends to rely on the default design schemes of stereotypical gender typing, including a curling cursive script for section heads, a color palette dominated by a rose-pink, and the iconography of sisterhood and empowerment in the graphics and scrolling images.
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Rhetoric and Digital Media
Ian Bogost and Elizabeth M. Losh
Critics of computational media can often be seen as being allied with one of two genealogies, that of Marshall McLuhan or that of Friedrich Kittler. McLuhan famously declared that "the medium is the message" (1964: 7) and expanded the range of cultural messages worth celebrating to include media that might seem to resist interpretation, such as lighting and clothing. McLuhan also distinguished between "hot" media, such as film, which supposedly provide an audience experience of deep immersion through sequential, linear, and logical arrangements, and "cool" media, such as comics, which require perception of abstract patterning and a simultaneous decoding of all parts. Like Vannevar Bush, who viewed the computer largely as a storage and retrieval device, McLuhan saw the computer as a "research and communication instrument" 1995: 295) and compared it to print genres like the encyclopedia or print storage systems like the library.
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